Safety During Pregnancy

Signs & Symptoms of Miscarriage

Bleeding or spotting. Many people experience spotting early in their pregnancy. In most cases, it is not a sign of miscarriage. To be safe, if you have spotting or any of these signs or symptoms, call your provider.

  • Cramps, like the ones you have with your period

  • Severe belly pain

  • No longer “feeling pregnant,” such as no longer feeling the baby move, feeling nauseated or no longer having breast tenderness

  • Back pain

  • Vaginal discharge with a bad smell

  • Fever

Miscarriages can be dangerous if they’re not treated. Your provider may want to do some tests to make sure everything’s OK. These tests can include blood tests, a pelvic exam and an ultrasound.

Many pregnant people have these signs and symptoms in early pregnancy and don’t have a miscarriage.

Safety Concerns During Pregnancy

Some symptoms may indicate a serious problem. These are signs that indicate you should call your doctor immediately:

  • Signs of preterm labor. These include vaginal bleeding or spotting, unusual fluid discharge, lower abdominal cramping, lower back pain, or regular tightening of the abdomen (contractions) that doesn’t go away.

  • Urination problems. This means pain or burning when you urinate, especially if you have a fever.

  • Sudden or excessive swelling. Watch for unusual swelling in the face or fingers.

  • Severe pain. This includes bad headaches and strong stomach pain or cramps.

  • Mid-back pain

  • Unusual rash

  • Dizziness, fainting or blurry vision.

  • Baby’s movement has slowed or stopped completely.

  • Illness or fever. This includes dizziness, severe nausea or vomiting, or any higher-than-normal temperature, which could harm your baby.

  • Pelvic pressure. This could be normal or not. Call your doctor to be sure.

Bottom line: If a new symptom concerns you, call your doctor.

Symptoms of an Ectopic Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy doesn't always cause symptoms and may only be detected during a routine pregnancy scan.

If you do have symptoms, they tend to develop between the 4th and 12th week of pregnancy.

Symptoms can include a combination of:

But these symptoms aren't necessarily a sign of a serious problem. They can sometimes be caused by other problems, such as a stomach bug.

Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

  • Avoid alcohol & drug use.

  • Regular prenatal visits

  • Prenatal vitamins

  • An at-home doppler may help with anxiety (as long as it is not used prior to 8 weeks or is making your anxiety worse).

  • Maintain a healthy weight, eating healthy & practice regular exercise or daily activity.

  • Take care of your mental health & physical health. Try to avoid those who may be sick.

Safe Sleep for Babies

Sleeping Environment

  • Firm, flat, level, clear surface

  • Sleeping on back.

  • Fitted sheets.

  • No pillows, stuffed toys or lose blankets.

  • Mattress away from walls.

  • Baby in close range to adult

  • Temperature appropriate sleep wear.

  • Head uncovered.

  • No pacifier leash or clips.

  • Remove teething necklaces or bracelets. 

Potential SIDS Risk Factors

  • Preterm

  • Low birth weight

  • If the baby is sick, especially with RSV or some type of respiratory illness.

  • Parents who are heavier and co sleep.

  • Parents that co sleep while under the influence.

  • Unsupervised naps with baby on chest or tucked in your arm.

  • Unsupervised naps with baby in swing or bouncer etc.

Tips to prevent SIDS

  • Utilize an owlet dream sock or some type of infant sleep monitor systems (that is proven safe).

  • Always use side car/bassinet

  • Full size cot in parents’ room

  • Do not take unsupervised nap with baby.

  • Do not co sleep.

  • Get up to nurse instead of lying in bed with baby.

Safe Sleep Tips for Toddlers

Now that your baby is a toddler, you may be wondering what the safe sleep rules are for a child his age. Here's what you need to know to keep your little one sleeping safely.

By the time your child is a toddler — defined as ages 1 to 3 years old — he’s no longer at risk of SIDS, and many of the rules for safe baby sleep don't apply anymore. That said, there are still some important things to consider to ensure that your toddler stays safe while he sleeps:

When to switch to a toddler bed?

Your toddler should move to a bed when he’s tall enough. You should start transitioning to a toddler bed or a twin bed with a side rail when your little one gets to be 35 inches tall, or when the height of the side rail is less than three-quarters of his height. Ideally, you should make the switch when he's as close to age 3 as possible. Most children move to a toddler bed any time between 18 months and 3 1/2 years old, though younger toddlers may not really be ready for a big bed. 

How to create a safe sleeping space.

Create a safe sleeping space. Make sure your child’s crib or bed is far away from any objects with ties or strings, like window blind pulls, curtains or electrical cords; likewise, watch for items that your toddler might be able to pull into his crib or bed, like picture frames, mobiles or other hazards. The good news: Blankets, pillows and stuffed animals no longer pose the risk that they did when your child was a baby. Now, it's fine for your toddler to sleep with a thin blanket and maybe a small pillow — but make sure the pillow isn't big enough for him to use as a makeshift step stool to climb out of his crib. And it's still a good idea to steer clear of big stuffed animals or soft toys.

Take steps to protect crib climbers. Toddlers love moving around and exploring their environment — which can mean trying to climb out of their cribs. If your child is still in a crib, keep his crib mattress on the lowest setting to make it harder for him to get out. And avoid putting anything in the crib that your child could step on to help climb out, like stuffed toys or crib bumpers. Even with these precautions in place, your toddler might still be able to climb out of his crib anyway. If that’s the case, and he's doing it frequently, it’s probably time to move him into a toddler bed or a twin bed with a side rail.   

When can my child stop sleeping on their back?

Let your toddler sleep in a position that’s comfortable for him. After his first birthday, you no longer have to put your child to sleep on his back. He’s old enough to sleep safely on his back, stomach or side — so let him stick with whatever position he picks. 

What can my toddler keep in bed?

Once your child reaches 18 months, it’s fine for him to sleep with a thin blanket or lovey. But if he's in a crib, make sure the blanket and stuffed animal are small enough so that he can't use them to climb over the side.

When can my child use a pillow?

Research hasn’t shown exactly when it’s 100 percent safe to put a pillow or other soft object in the crib after your baby turns 1 year old.

To play it safe, you’re better off waiting until he transitions to a toddler bed, which can happen between 18 months and 3 1/2 years (and the closer to 3 years old you can wait, the better). Your best bet is to hold off until your child is 2 and in a bed before introducing a small, thin pillow. 

Not only does waiting longer further reduce suffocation risk, but keeping a pillow out of your toddler’s crib means he won’t be able to use it as a step to try to climb out. Big stuffed animals and other stuffed toys should also stay out of the crib, as they can also pose a suffocation hazard and be used to climb out of the crib.

Are bumpers and stuffed animals okay for my toddler?

Bumpers don’t pose a suffocation or strangulation risk to toddlers like they do for babies. But they're still not safe for toddlers, who can use them as steps to climb out of the crib. What's more, crib bumpers have recently been banned with the passage of the federal Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 Opens a new window. 

As for stuffed animals? Small ones are fine, if your toddler likes having them in his bed or crib. But keep it to just one or two — if your toddler has several, he could potentially stack the toys and use them to climb out of his crib. And avoid oversized toys or ones with ribbons or strings, which could still suffocate or strangle your child.

When should I lower the crib mattress for my toddler so he doesn't fall or climb out?

It’s best to lower your child’s crib mattress well before he hits toddlerhood — ideally, once he's able to sit up on his own (usually between ages 4 and 7 months) or pull himself to a standing position. If your toddler is able to climb out of his crib even with the mattress at the lowest setting, it’s time to move him to a toddler bed or a twin bed with a side rail. When is it time to move my child out of the crib and into a toddler bed?

When you decide to make the switch depends on what seems right for him. Most toddlers make the switch between 18 months and 3 1/2 years old, but it's best to wait until as close to age 3 as possible just because that's when children are generally truly ready.

If he seems happy in his crib and isn’t frequently trying to climb out, it’s perfectly safe for your child to keep sleeping there until he’s 35 inches tall. At that point, it’s time to move him into a bed. 

Are mobiles over the crib safe?

No. Mobiles can easily entangle or strangle toddlers, who are old enough to stand up and grab them. Experts recommend removing crib mobiles by the time a baby is around 4 months old. If your toddler still has a mobile hanging over his crib, you should take it down right away.

Can I co-sleep with my toddler?

If you've been sleeping in your child's room since he was a baby, there's no reason you have to stop. Still, you may want to read up on the pros and cons of co-sleeping (which can refer to either room-sharing or bed-sharing, or a combination of both). If you and your little one have been sharing a bed or want to start now, talk to your pediatrician.

Though bed-sharing no longer poses the same SIDS risk that it does for babies, it may not be the healthiest sleeping arrangement for your toddler and your family, and there's still the risk of your child falling out of your bed. So it might be a good time to consider stopping co-sleeping. Your doctor should be able to help you with the decision.

Is my toddler at risk of SIDS?

No. Babies and toddlers over the age of 1 are not at risk of SIDS.

As your sweet baby grows into a toddler, sleeping becomes safer and the guidelines start to relax as a result. So rest easy! By now, you’ve more than earned it.